The Mountain Gardener: Dry River Beds – Beautiful and Beneficial
With so many people replacing their thirsty lawns with low water-use plants, I’m getting lots of requests for ideas about what to do with all that empty space. The sky’s the limit when you have a blank slate. Let me get you started.If your old lawn was in the front you might consider putting in a sitting area for a couple of chairs and a bistro table. Use simple crushed gravel or more formal flagstone underfoot and surround the space with a low seat wall to add a bit of privacy.Adding a dry river bed is another good solution. A dry river bed can slow runoff, spread it out and sink it back into the soil. Connected to a downspout they keep even more rainfall on your own property. If we get the El Nino storms that are predicted this will be a welcome addition to your landscape.A dry river bed is a rock-lined swale that uses rounded river rock in addition to vegetation to allow runoff to soak into the ground. Make sure there is a 2-percent slope from beginning to end to ensure that water is conveyed away from your house to the desired location. Non-woven geotextile fabric is often used underneath the rock.You can create a depression or rain garden at the end of your dry river bed and plant it with plants that tolerate wet feet in the winter. Both a dry river bed and a rain garden allow water to sink back into the ground. The plants remove pollutants from the runoff from roofs or other impervious surfaces.A rain garden might be a simple, shallow depression filled with plants that can flourish in both moist and dry conditions. The size and depth will depend on your how much water you need to capture in a winter runoffSometimes a dry river bed will receive so much runoff that a dry well or dispersal pit is installed at the end. If you have a high water table or clay soil the water may not always soak in fast enough and an overflow device like this is needed. The goal is to keep water on your own property and not in the street or the neighbors’ yard.There are good looking dry river beds as well as bad looking ones. A quick Google image search will show you what I mean. Your goal is to create something that looks like it belongs right where it is. The plants, the accent rocks, the cobble, the location – all need to work together.If your property has a natural slope, follow the natural terrain if possible. You can install a dry river bed on flat land also by creating a channel for the river bed to follow. Keep in mind that even a dry river bed is more interesting if it is not all visible at once. Soft, flowing curves and bends create a natural look.Start with the rocks and cobble. Rounded river cobble looks most natural for the creek bed. In nature, water flowing down a river would round off sharp rock edges to produce cobble of different sizes. A river never has just one size of rocks and yours shouldn’t either.Accent rocks can be any type that you like as long as you get a variety of rock sizes and shapes. Use the larger stones to direct and channel water. Placing rocks on the outside of a curve creates a more natural look.As in all gardens there is always a bit of maintenance to keep things looking and working great. Weeding in the first couple of months while plants become established is important. Replenish mulch as needed until the plants grow in.Periodically remove leaves that have landed in your river bed and reposition rocks moved by runoff to keep your dry creek bed working for you when you need it. Also don’t start your dry creek bed too close to the foundation of your home if that area is flat. You can direct the water through a drain pipe connected to a downspout to a lower starting spot in your garden.So whether you are adding a dry river bed to add interest to your lawn-free landscape or to double as catchment for winter storm runoff, make yours look like it’s always been there. -Jan Nelson, a landscape designer and California certified nursery professional, will answer questions about gardening in the Santa Cruz Mountains. E-mail her [email protected], or visitwww.jannelsonlandscapedesign.comto view past columns and pictures.
Mr. Money
When Scotts Valley Market lowers the price of ice cream, shoppers will buy more ice cream. When the price is raised, shoppers buy less.That’s how it works in most parts of the economy, but not in the stock market – especially nowadays, as passively managed index funds have become overwhelmingly popular.An index fund is a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) that aims to replicate the movements of an index, like the Standard & Poor’s 500, which is composed of the 500 largest U.S. companies. Index funds now account for 31-percent of fund assets, up from 14-percent in 2004.Two factors have caused this popularity: Low cost: Essentially, an index fund is managed by a computer. This is much less expensive than paying a professional manager to research companies and seek out growth and value, as actively managed funds do. Fees for passively managed funds are just 0.2-percent per year compared with 0.79-percent for actively managed funds, according to Morningstar. Better performance: Index funds have provided better investment results recently. Over five years up to the end of last year, 88.7-percent of fund managers investing in large companies underperformed the S&P 500.So, what’s the problem?My goal has always been to buy low and sell high. But that’s exactly the opposite of what index funds do.Index funds are “market capitalization weighted.” Market capitalization is the total value of the shares outstanding. If a company has 1 million shares outstanding and its shares sell for $10 each, then its market cap is $10 million.The bigger a company’s market cap, the more weighting that company has in an index. The more a company’s stock price goes up, the more shares of that stock an index fund has to buy. Stocks that go down in price see their market cap drop, so index funds have to reduce their weighting.In other words, index funds are required to buy high and sell low.The strategy has been working as more investors and advisors accept the idea that index investing is superior to actively managed funds or individual stock picking. The stampede of money into index funds drives them higher as they bid up the prices of a narrow group of richly valued companies.Instead of tried-and-true method of investing in companies with stock prices that are low relative to their current or expected profits, index funds invest in stocks simply because they have been going up.“When you buy index funds, you’re looking to the future through a rearview mirror,” said legendary investor Leon Cooperman last month on the TV show “Wall Street Week.”I’m not opposed to index funds, and many of my clients own them. They offer diversification for low fees. But low fees do not necessarily equal low cost. If a fund is buying stocks at inflated prices, then it’s not really a low-cost investment, even if the management fees are low.Maybe index funds will continue to outperform other investment strategies. But my experience has been that when a trend continues for years and gets too popular, and everyone accepts that what is happening now is the way it will always be, it’s time to think about alternate strategies.Mark Rosenberg is a financial adviser with Financial West Group in Scotts Valley, a member of FINRA and SIPC. He can be reached at 831-439-9910 or [email protected].
Let’s Go Fishin’: Summer Fishing
Ocean fishing has been the best option for fishing as reservoirs are low and we are lucky enough to live close to the coast. Salmon fishing remains tough, rockfish are a great bet as halibut start to show and albacore tuna seem to be a mystery.If you would like to fish for “what’s biting” that would be rockfish and lingcod! The bay water is warm at 60 degrees and is full of mackerel. The mackerel can be a nuisance at times and also make great bait for ling cod. Anglers are stopping outside the Santa Cruz Harbor in the morning and catching live bait (mackerel) to use for ling cod bait. Halibut and the larger model rockfish also see the mackerel as a tasty food source.Private boaters, rental boats, and charters alike, have been scoring limits of rockfish and lingcod. The limit of lingcod is 3 fish and minimum size is 22-inches, it is common to catch your 3 ling cod and limit of 10 rockfish on an outing. Some anglers may consider if they need that much fish and opt to release the smaller lingcod and or large female fish that may be preparing to spawn. Halibut have been caught, but not as many as one would think. The conditions look very good for halibut but they are not showing up in numbers yet.Boaters have steamed offshore recently in search of albacore tuna with the warm water offshore it is a surprise there have been no catches. Boats hailing form northern California and Oregon ports have had success on albacore and the commercial fleet has started fishing with great success. The past few years have had large numbers of albacore along the Oregon coast as central California did not see many fish. Albacore are highly migratory and migrate East in the spring if they move east and remain North on the Latitude line they may not come south. This appears to be the case with albacore again this year. Anglers may have to go north to get albacore or go another season with no tuna for the home canner, we will see.I am always looking for fishing pictures for the column, if you have one please send it to my email [email protected]. Remember to ad who caught the fish and where it was caught.
Reporter’s Notebook: Goodbye to the readers of the Press-Banner
It has been one week short of a year, since I began working for the Press-Banner in beautiful Scotts Valley.Since that time, I have enjoyed reporting on numerous events, people, and historical places throughout the Valleys. Getting to know this community has been both and honor and a delight, and I appreciate everything that I have learned from this experience.In the fall, I will be attending Santa Clara University to earn my BA in Communications. My time with the Press-Banner has come to an end, but I will surely keep my ties with the area strong. Although I am leaving now, I get the feeling that I will be back, especially after witnessing the kindness, strength, and creativity that this community inhabits.While interning for KSCO Radio, I boarded the historic steam train at the Beach Boardwalk to collect a sound bite for a Santa Cruz County Regional Transportation Commission event. When I walked off that train I had a job — my first as an official reporter.For that, I will be forever thankful to Joe Shreve — former Press-Banner editor — for giving me this opportunity and always believing in me.The wonderful staff at the Press-Banner have become my family and I am extremely grateful for having had such a lovely working environment.I will miss visiting the Scott House with the Scotts Valley Historical Society and learning about local places like the Lost World and Santa’s Village, and I will long for the excitement of covering local events, plays, businesses, and schools.Thanks to everyone that I have interviewed and or worked with on a story, and especially to the readers who keep the Press-Banner alive.
The Dammed River: Mr. Pierce’s Neighborhood
1887. From the porch of “Hillside,” his aptly-named summer estate, timber baron James P. Pierce could literally oversee his domain. Away to the north were redwood-covered slopes, awaiting harvest. In the foreground, just across the San Lorenzo River, was the site of his new Pacific Mill, a railroad station, and what one visitor referred to as “quite a little village.”Pierce had made a fortune washing gold off hillsides with powerful hoses. After investing in the San Lorenzo flume and railroad in the 1870s, he purchased 2000 acres of uncut timberland in the heart of the valley. The original Pacific Mill at the mouth of Love Creek worked up lumber along the river to what is now Glen Arbor, relying on the flume for transportation. When the Felton and Pescadero railroad was completed in 1885, Pierce quickly recognized a different opportunity for profit and relocated his operation across the river.The new Pacific Mill was thoroughly up-to-date, containing machinery for the manufacture of all sorts of finished lumber. In addition to the usual circular saws, it housed a band saw, the first in the area, allowing finer processing. “Every part of the log is worked up and nothing wasted,” the Pacific Rural Press reported in 1887, “Even all the spare sawdust is sold to a San Jose brewery at $25 a carload. More could be sold there, but it is used at the mill to fire the boilers.”The water of San Lorenzo was also utilized, brought into a large mill pond on the low ground where the river looped around the site. “A dam is being built, noted a reporter, “and a pond constructed where the logs will be floated for more convenient selection before sawing. A railway is in process of construction…on both sides of the pond, where the logs will be unloaded directly into the water.” Although there had been sawmills in the area since pioneer days, much of the old-growth forest on the difficult local slopes had survived. Pierce’s lumber-cutting campaign relied on transportation. The railroad depot became a hub that linked the new bridges to the surrounding region and the spur tracks that led to the sawmill. In cooperation with the Ben Lomond Wine Company, located on Empire Grade, what is now called Alba Road was cleared and graded, providing access to the trees on the side of Ben Lomond Mountain. On the other side of the river, the timber in the upper reaches of Love Creek would be taken out by his company’s own train, running three miles up its corporate track. To support the mill and its workforce, Pierce and his superintendant, Thomas L. Bell, provided a variety of other buildings on the river bank across from the mill — a general store, warehouses for grain and hay, a boarding house for the men, cottages for families and a large amount of stabling. “The finest of water” was brought in from Marshall’s creek, through over 1500 feet of pipe.More than the usual amenities were provided. The company store offered both telegraph and telephone service and a Wells Fargo Express office. “The Post Office, “observed the Santa Cruz Surf, “will doubtless be established in the same place.” This prediction proved true in April 1887. Federal authorities, however, rejected the name “Pacific Mills,” so the appellation “Ben Lomond” was borrowed from the nearby mountain and winery.While train and mill whistles signaled a rush of industrial activity, Pierce planned a different sort of future for Ben Lomond as a place “of residence and resort.” His ideas were up-scale — this was not to be a “stump town” like Boulder Creek. His own residence, “Hillside,” which featured a large reception room and a “baronial” fireplace, was designed to convince other affluent businessmen to move to the neighborhood.In the fall of 1887, the land around the mill and railroad depot was subdivided into town lots. The Sentinel approved, noting that “Mr. Pierce, by these sales, is proving himself a benefactor to the neighborhood – new people are moving to that locality, houses are being erected, homes established, grounds cultivated, orchards set out and a population of sterling, thrifty citizens secured.”To further the goal of attracting high-class summer visitors, Pierce and Bell planned a luxurious resort. “One of the prettiest locations in the village,” advertised the Surf, “has been reserved for a hotel site. It is a roomy, wooded knoll, sloping downward to the San Lorenzo on one side, quite convenient to its railroad station and commanding picturesque mountain and valley views.” The site would also feature “an abundance of water.”(To Be Continued)Randall C. Brown is a local historian and is a member of the San Lorenzo Valley Board of Directors
Plain talk about food: Ashby’s Chocolates, a bit of chocolate heaven
There have never been enough almonds in a chocolate bar to satisfy my needs — until now. Ashby’s Chocolates will add as many nuts, fruit bits, or herbs to her handcrafted chocolate bars as I dictate.I had noticed the little sandwich-board sign that read “Ashby’s Chocolate Shop” on the corner of Scotts Valley and Village Square Drive in Scotts Valley. Curious, and a lover of chocolate, I made an appointment with the owner, Jennifer Ashby.Upon Arrival, I pushed the door open. Sinking into one of the shop’s plush chairs, I ‘took in the view’ as the wonderful smell of chocolate filled my senses.Soon Jennifer joined me in the other chair and we began our conversation with “where did your love of cooking begin, Jennifer?”“My family lived in Ventura County and my Mom, Diane was a great cook; I spent a great deal of time with her in the kitchen. It was sometime in 2002 that I ‘fell in love’ with chocolate and the process of candy making.”“I began my chocolate making career taking a seven-month course at the Culinary Institute of America in St. Helena. I am always looking to expand my candy-making knowledge and I am looking forward to taking a course in Sugar Cookery, the science of controlled crystallization.”“Ah ha, would this course have helped me in making Fudge, I asked”? While going through old family recipes I had come across an aunt’s recipe for Easy Chocolate Fudge. This nostalgic candy was often made using a jar of marshmallow fluff, which is still available.This overly sweet, lackluster chocolate tasting candy was often made at Christmastime. I never had any luck at making this fudge, with it always turning to a loose and grainy consistency and it ending in a trip down the garbage disposal.Taking a break as Jennifer waited on a customer, I read the framed certificates on the wall above my chair; Best in Show, followed by Best Truffles, Best Caramel and Most Unique Use of Chocolate, all awards resulting from Jennifer’s 2015 entry in the Santa Cruz Chocolate Festival held at the Cocoanut Grove.Walking over to Jennifer’s display case which held sea salt caramels, milk chocolate and fresh raspberry truffles, cinnamon ginger cream and toasted pecan chocolate tortoises to name but a few, I asked what ingredients went into those beautiful chocolates.“All of these candies are made using Clover Organic Dairy products. Fruit and herbs are usually organic and purchased at our local farmers markets.” Jennifer uses only fair trade chocolates. All are from Tanzania, Ecuador, Honduras, and the Philippines.Citing many of my failures at candy making, Jennifer gave me some important tips on the use of chocolate.Keep chocolate fresh by storing it in a cool, dark place in a sealed zip lock bag.Do not touch chocolates or chocolate in bar form with your warm fingers. This leads to a separation of the cocoa butter, which accounts for the white spots on the candy.The best method of melting chocolate is in the microwave. Place chocolate in a bowl and microwave it for 10 to 20 seconds, stop, and stir. Continue microwaving for 10-second intervals, stopping and stirring until chocolate has fully melted.Many cooks will melt their chocolate in a double boiler. Novices to this method will often allow drops of water to enter their melted chocolate, which will result in the chocolate seizing up — hardening around their spoon — rendering the chocolate unusable.Looking toward the future, Jennifer will be marketing her own line of chocolate and caramel sauces and is now taking orders with your personal preferences to be added to a chocolate bar from a long list of ingredients written on a blackboard in her shop. Call the shop at 454-8299, place your order and 20 minutes later your chocolate bar will be ready for pickup. Organic herbs, spices, nuts, and dried fruit are some of the choices available.My rule of thumb is: 1) calories don’t count and 2) everyone needs at least one chocolate a day from Ashby’s Chocolates.You can sample Jennifer’s chocolates Sunday, August 9 at the Tasting Under the Redwood’s event at Felton’s Roaring Camp Railroads benefitting Valley Churches United Missions. Tickets for the event are available at Eventbrite.com.JENNIFER’S CHOCOLATE GANACHE-DIPPED STRAWBERRIES (12-13 ea.)6 oz. dark chocolate (65-70% cacao)4 oz. heavy cream1 oz. Agave or Maple syrup¼ tsp. Vanilla (optional)Finely chop chocolate and place in a bowl.Heat the cream and syrup just to a boil. Pour over chocolate and whisk until the mixture is fully blended and has a satin sheen. Set on a sheet of wax or parchment paper and refrigerate until set. Use within 2 days.
The Mountain Gardener: Save Water — Save Trees
I had to do it. I couldn’t resist. Even though I’d vowed not to get any new plants until fall planting season when I saw the one gallon Pride of Madeira just begging for a new home I succumbed to my impulse. I rationalized this plant was on my wish list and will be drought tolerant so I wasn’t being totally irresponsible.I’ve always wanted an echium fastuosum on my hillside. I admire those huge spires of purple-blue flowers whenever I see them in other gardens. These are tough plants getting by with no summer water once established and the flower spikes are bee magnets. I covered it with a layer of shade cloth for a few days because it was so hot when I planted it. This will help it establish more quickly while the roots take hold in the soil.In your own garden it’s wise to establish a drought to-do list. I’m talking about what plants get your precious water and what to let go.Entering another dry year, many of our ornamental and fruit trees are dying because of lack of water. Others might have been surviving on natural rainfall. Whatever the case is in your garden, don’t let your trees die.Nature has already killed an estimated 12 million trees in our California forests since the drought began four years ago. Most of these have fallen victim to bark beetles that attack trees weakened by drought.In our own neighborhoods, trees are a long-lived asset. A tree is not something that can be easily replaced. It’s OK to appropriately water trees. Dying trees can be a safety hazard and removing a dead tree is expensive.It takes years to grow a tree to mature size. Save and use shower and cooking water to help them out. Maybe it’s time to install a simple laundry-to-landscape system to water your landscape trees. Or set up a separate drip or soaker hose for your trees and give them a good deep drink at least once or twice a month. Remember that the tree’s feeder roots are not at the base of the trunk but out at the drip line and a little beyond.A rule of thumb for determining when to irrigate is when 50-percent of the water has been depleted from the soil in the plants’ root zone. This rule allows a buffer of water in the soil in case the weather suddenly turns hot and windy. The rule also applies to trees, shrubs and perennials.Sandy soils hold less water than clay soils and must be irrigated more frequently. A common misconception is that it takes more water to grow plants in sandy soil than in clay soil. Actually the total amount required for the whole year is the same for both soil types. The amount of sunlight, wind, temperature and humidity control how much water a plants needs - the soil is only the reservoir.To check the water content in the soil: dig 8 to 16-inches down into the soil with a trowel, shovel, or soil tube, feel the soil. When you get to the level of about 50-percent available water, look for these conditions: course soil appears almost dry and forms a ball that does not hold its shape, loamy soil forms a dark ball that is somewhat moldable and can form a weak ribbon when squeezed between your fingersclay soil forms a good, dark ball and makes a ribbon an inch or so long and is slightly sticky.If you are planning to plant some new trees this fall, be sure they are drought tolerant natives or low water use non-natives. There are many nice specimens to choose from. Remember not to skimp on the mulch.It’s important to maintain our existing tree canopy and plants for the future. Even in times of drought, no especiallyin drought, planting and stewardship of trees is critical. Not just for their future but for ours as well.- Jan Nelson, a landscape designer and California certified nursery professional, will answer questions about gardening in the Santa Cruz Mountains. E-mail her [email protected], or visitwww.jannelsonlandscapedesign.comto view past columns and pictures.
News Briefs | Published Sept. 12, 2025
Fun run, emergency preparedness fair set for Saturday
On Saturday, Sept. 13, the City of Santa Cruz will be hosting Race the Wave, a 3K...
