Your Health: Many upper-respiratory infections are best treated by time

There are many misperceptions about the appropriate use of antibiotics for the treatment of upper-respiratory infections.
As we come to the end of another year and find ourselves in the midst of the cold and flu season, I want to talk about the diagnosis and treatment of the common upper-respiratory infections. These infections include sinus infections (sinusitis), sore throats (pharyngitis), ear infections (otitis) and coughs (bronchitis).
These are the most common illnesses seen in my practice in urgent care, as well as in most acute-care practices. We physicians are constantly receiving information from current medical literature indicating that almost all of these infections are caused by viruses, which are completely unaffected by the use of antibiotics. These viral infections will usually improve with time. The big question here is how much time.
At what point does the simple viral infection become a secondary bacterial infection that can be cured with an antibiotic? That is the critical issue, and one that I’m sorry to say is difficult to determine.
We physicians have various means to confidently diagnosis such problems as appendicitis, heart attacks, ulcer disease, diabetes and others. But we have no easy, fast, or accurate method of determining at what point in time the upper-respiratory infection changes from a viral infection to a bacterial infection.
I want to say emphatically that antibiotics will not shorten the duration of an upper-respiratory infection.
Why not just give an antibiotic and hope for the best?
Simply put, antibiotics can cause problems from annoying to life-threatening allergic reactions, diarrhea and yeast infections. Just recently, overuse of antibiotics has been linked to obesity by Dr. Martin Blaser, a professor of microbiology at New York University Langone Medical Center. Antibiotics are also very costly and drive up the cost of health care when prescribed needlessly.
The most important issue is that the inappropriate use of antibiotics causes the development of “super germs” that resist treatment by almost all antibiotics. Unfortunately, unlike in past years, very few new antibiotics are being developed. The situation worries me.
What I would ask of patients with symptoms of the abovementioned respiratory illnesses is to give as much time as possible for the illness to run its course. If you have a fever or increasing pain, if you feel so sick that you can’t perform your usual routine or if you develop any other symptom that worries you, an immediate trip to your physician is justified.
Once you decide to see your doctor, you should expect the doctor to listen to your explanation of symptoms, examine you, give you a diagnosis and offer an estimate as to when you should feel better. Then let him or her advise you of the proper treatment to help you feel better.
When it comes to the common upper-respiratory infection, let us do for you what will ultimately help you, in the safest and best way, feel better.
Terry Hollenbeck, M.D., is an urgent-care physician at Palo Alto Medical Foundation Santa Cruz in Scotts Valley. Readers can view his previous columns on his website, valleydoctor.wordpress.com, or email him at va**********@sb*******.net. Information in this column is not intended to replace advice from your own health care professional. For any medical concern, consult your own doctor.